Introduction.
That trend and pattern of urbanisation varies according to the social-economic prospective of a country. The population structure of Indian city divided in the six classes, they are class l, Class ll, class lll, class lV, class V and class Vl cities. The class I cities contains more than one Lakh persons, and class Vl cities contains 5000 people. Dark portal number of class one cities is 5161 in 2001 census. The number increases to 7935 in 2011 census. The train’s indicates 53% growth during the said interval. Let us discuss in brief.
1. Increases the share of urban population in India.
Number of class l cities and their share population in 1901 census is 24 and 26% respectively. The total number of Class l town in 1911 and 1921 was decreased, but share of urban population was continuously increased. In 1951, the share of urban population was reached to 44.63%. In 2011 census, the share of urban population was reached to 70% with 468 number cities. The other class cities do not maintain a constant growth. In 1901 to 1931, it was constantly declined but class ll cities were recorded some gain. In 1951 cents as, the share of class l cities were healthy, but the other five classes were losing their share.
The share percentage of urban population of class l cities were 68.67% in 2001 census. The growth of class l cities was 164% during 1901 2001 census. The other class (ll to Vl) cities were recorded 14%, 21%, 67%, 88% and 96% loss of urban share between 1901 and 2001.
2. Upward graduation of town.
The class ll to Vl towns were upgraded to their above populated class towns, specially class l town in decades. The planners calculated towns in initial and terminal. The process is not well explained, the urban scenario in Indian cities. If they are considered the upward movement of urban centers, than the scenarios may differ. The class upgraded new towns must be included in calculating distribution of towns in census.
3. Special status.
The government provides special status of some cities in a different time. If we study the statistics then we saw, the class Vl cities decreases their urban population in Last decade. But some cities recorded massive urban growth by the special status provide by government. For example, Goa.
4. Skewed distribution of town.
Earlier we mention, the higher urban growth registered in class Vl cities beating the growth of class l cities in different pockets in India. The demographer observed in the season of 1991 to 2011 the situations of class Vl towns were rapidly increased. Some states registered urban growth in class Vl cities, more than class l cities in India. For example, Maharashtra, Assam, Punjab etc. The statistics shows, a healthy growth of class Vl city in some states, but poor urban growth registered in areas. For example, Jharkhand, Orissa etc. The average growth rate of class l town was 2.55 and class Vl was 3.54 During 1991 to 2011. This type of skewed distribution due to infrastructure, private sector investment, transport etc.
5. Pattern of metropolises.
1901, the number of total town was 1827, but the number of metro cities was only 24. The percentage of urban population is 10.8%. In 1911, the number of metro cities were decreased to 1851 and 24 respectively. That is, clearly, 12.5% of decrease registered in this time. In 1951, the total number of towns were 2843 and the metro cities were 71.
In the study during 2001 and 2011, the number of cities increases from 5161 to 7935, and the number of metro cities increased from 350 to 468. Which shows the increases of metro cities during 2001 and 2011 is 33.71%. The ppercentage of increase during 1901 to 2011 is 1350%. The total share of urban population in 2011 was 31.2%.
The large metro cities are registered more growth due to establishment of large municipalities and corporations. The infrastructure and basic amenities are easily accessible in this area. The four types of growth calculated in metro cities.
i) Decreasing core and growing peripheries.
ii) Growing core and decreasing peripheries.
iii) Growing core and growing peripheries.
iv) Decline core and declined peripheries.
The growth of peripheries due to maximum pressure of population in metro area. The people not gets basic amenities easily. The rise of The price is the another cost. The smooth communication is essential for growth of periphery.
Conclusions.
The Indian cities registered a high urban growth in last few decades. That trend and pattern of Indian urbanisation is depends on many factors. The class l cities registered a huge growth rate than the other class cities. In the same time, the class l to Vl cities were updated to their larger class cities. The government gives special attention to some cities which are also registered better growth. The five years plan is important in this aspect.
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